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 Geplaatst: 25-09-2018 08:14:52 Onderwerp: This latest round of property restrictions follows two |
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The contribution of the WE position has been to provide descriptions of HKE phonology Marshon Lattimore Jersey , which as far as possible 'needs to be investigated on its own terms' (Hung 2000:138). Recent studies include those by Hung (2000) and Deterding et al. (2008). Hung's study involved recordings of 15 university students reading word lists, while that of Deterding et al. used interviews to explore the ways words are pronounced in connected speech. The subjects in the latter study were teacher trainees and their overall proficiency level appears to be higher than the first-year arts and science undergraduates in Hung's study.
The main features of the Hong Kong accent found in both studies included a reduced vowel system, with a particular tendency to merge the vowel pairs [as Marcus Davenport Jersey , e] and; such reduced systems are a common feature of so-called New Varieties of English or NVEs, for example Singapore English. Diphthongs such as [ei] and [ai], on the other hand Michael Thomas Jersey , tended not to be monopthongized as in other NVEs such as Singaporean or Indian English which have a simpler inventory of true diphthongs (Hung, 2000:127). In terms of consonant sounds, the voiceless dental fricative [0] was used by a majority of the subjects in both studies. Deterding et al.'s data show ED Hardy Hoodies(http:www.onsaledhardyed-hardy-mens-hoodies-c-11) that there was an exception to this in final position New Orleans Saints Hats , where a majority substituted. The voiced dental fricative [d] was assumed to be non-existent in HKE by Hung, with words such as this being pronounced [dis]; Deterding et al.'s study does not cover them in detail, but does mention the common substitution of [d]. Dark [I] vocalisation was found to occur in both studies. The HKE phenomenon of [n New Orleans Saints T-Shirts , 1] conflation occurred quite widely in Hung's data, but was found to be 'rare' by Deterding et al. Finally, Deterding et al. also looked at consonant cluster patterns and found that initial clusters were subject to substitution New Orleans Saints Hoodie , with deletion often observed in final clusters. A summary of the similarities and differences between the two studies is shown in Table 1.
While the similarities between the two descriptions allow some generalisations to be made about what constitutes segmental phonological features of an 'identifiable Hong Kong accent' (Hung, 2000:119), the differences point to what might be called the variability problem: individual speakers vary greatly in the extent to which they display these features in their normal speech Customized Saints Jersey , so it is ED Hardy Boots(http:www.eshopedhardyed-hardy-boots-c-29) perhaps difficult to talk of a 'Hong Kong accent' without being clear about the proficiency level of the speakers. It seems likely that the subjects of the Deterding et al. study generally had a higher level of proficiency, as their phonological systems were somewhat more developed (there was less conflation of [n] and [1], for example). And while there will be features in common between speakers at various levels Cheap New Orleans Saints Jerseys , there are very great differences between the Hong Kong accent of a high-proficiency speaker such as Chief Executive Donald Tsang and that of a low-proficiency speaker, such as the sole Hong Kong sample in the online Speech Accent Archive (Weinberger, 2008).
Researchers in the WE paradigm have acknowledged this variability Hau'oli Kikaha Saints Jersey , so that Hung (2000:122) visualises 'a continuum with an "idealized" HKE phonology at one end and a standard British or American phonology...at the other'. But the variability problem is not insurmountable, and the insights provided by ELF research may be useful in evaluating language data from a WE perspective.
BEIJING， Nov. 29 (Xinhua) -- The central government has stepped up efforts to rein in house prices and contain speculative house purchases， and it is confident that its measures will continue to cool the overheated property market.
Starting Tuesday， both the minimum down payment on property in Shanghai and loan interest will be increased， while banks have been ordered to tighten their purse strings， too， according to a notice issued Monday evening by Shanghai's housing and banking authorities.
First-time home buyers in Shanghai must pay a minimum 35 percent deposit on purchases， the down payment on second homes will be increased to 50 percent， and buyers of commercial properties must now pay a minimum 70 percent deposit.
Meanwhile， banks have been ordered to raise interest rates by 10 percent for second-time borrowers from the government's Housing Provident Fund (HPF). The maximum amount people can now borrow from the HPF has been lowered by 100，000 yuan (14，492 U.S. dollars). In addition， people can only receive an HPF loan twice.
"The measures come as no surprise， to me， as housing prices in Shanghai have remained high despite the policies rolled out in early October，" said Lu Wenxi， a market analyst at Shanghai Centaline Property.
New home prices in Shanghai， excluding government-funded affordable housing， rose 0.5 percent last month from September， according to the National Bureau of Statistics (NBS).
On a year-on-year basis， however， home prices jumped 37.4 percent in October， the NBS data showed.
The new rules will make it harder for home buyers to secure down payments and loans， which will help reduce property speculation and stabilize the housing market， said Yan Yuejin， senior researcher with E-house China R&D Institute.
This latest round of property restrictions follows two years of progressive policy easing， starting with the relaxation of purchase restrictions in 2014. The momentum was further fueled by the government's pro-growth policies， including interest rate cuts and lower deposit requirements.
Since late September， a wave of property restrictions introduced to more than 20 cities -- including Beijing， Shanghai and Shenzhen -- have cooled speculation， reduced transactions， reduced the risk of asset bubbles and stabilized the. Cheap Jerseys China Cheap Jerseys China Free Shipping Cheap Jerseys Cheap Jerseys From China Wholesale NFL Jerseys Cheap NFL Jerseys Cheap NFL Jerseys China Cheap Authentic NFL Jerseys Wholesale NFL Jerseys China Wholesale NFL Jerseys |
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